Poverty Reflects a Failure of the
Government, Not the Person
Danilo Reyes
Conditions in this Manila
slum and other impoverished areas of the
Philippines offer few options for improving one’s life and
create
many challenges to one’s daily survival with the outcome of
people’s
limited choices even being death. (Photo by Danilo Reyes) |
Seven years ago my first cousin, 22-year -old
Maricel Mahinay, died from an illness aggravated by severe
malnutrition. She was three months pregnant. Her death came two
years after her first child had also died from a
malnutrition-related illness.
Maricel, whom we called Cecil, and I lost contact in the 1990s when
I moved to another city. I was working while studying at a
university. I did not hear from her for many years.
My memory of her dates back to our childhood days in our sleepy and
laid-back hometown.
In September 2005, my mum, now a retired public school teacher, told
me that Maricel’s 11-month-old son, John Paul, had died from an
illness aggravated by severe malnutrition.
I was an intern at the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) at that
time and was beginning to comprehend how abject poverty affects not
only human societies but also ourselves—and here was my own cousin’s
child dying from want of basic necessities.
When I learned about the death of Maricel’s son, I had mixed
emotions. I did not know she had got married or that she had a
child.
She was the daughter of my mum’s older brother, who was a tricycle
driver. Maricel was so poor that she had to borrow money to pay
hospital bills before she could take her son’s body home and then
pay for a small plot of land to bury him.
After I published the story of my cousin’s death and her
circumstances, I learned that the former mayor, who is currently a
lawmaker in the province of South Cotabato on the island of
Mindanao, dispatched one of his staff to locate her.
I used to interview this mayor when I worked as a journalist there.
I knew that he would intervene, not because his administration had
been so neglectful, but because her case tarnished the city’s image.
Reluctantly, social workers from our local government went to her
house and gave her some relief goods and a health card.
When the social workers spoke to Maricel, they told her she should
have approached them first. She should not have complained and
exposed the death of her child in public.
These social workers might have achieved their goal; for when
Maricel was dying two years after her son’s death, she did not
complain.
In evaluating Maricel’s case, they concluded they could not classify
her for public services as an indigent beneficiary, or the poorest
of the poor, because, in the Philippines, if you have a relative
working in the government or overseas, your family and relatives are
not considered indigent.
Therefore, for them, Maricel could not be indigent. At the same
time, my mum was working as a public school teacher, and they came
to know I was in Hong Kong doing an internship on a meagre
allowance.
In the Philippines, the government method of assessment in
identifying an indigent, i.e., who is poor and who is not poor or
who is deserving of public services and who is not deserving, is
based on the philosophy that it is the family and their relatives,
not the government, that has the primary responsibility for support.
The consequence of this thinking means that any Filipino in the
Philippines who has a family member or relative overseas in Hong
Kong or elsewhere cannot be considered indigent or deserving of
government assistance.
Thus, relatives of overseas Filipinos back home cannot be classified
as indigent or poor.
In his column for the Sunday Examiner entitled “The Struggle
to Put Food on Tables” on Sept. 14, 2014, Father Shay Cullen notes
that “more people than ever go hungry.”
He also explains that hunger and starvation hit children the
hardest. The story of my cousin Maricel and her son John Paul are
among those countless untold stories.
Father Cullen rightly points out that those who suffer from hunger
end up severely malnourished and die quickly from hunger-related
diseases.
John Paul died too young and too early because his parents had no
money to buy food, let alone medicine. Like him, many other starving
children go to bed every night crying for want of a meal.
The vast section of Philippine society is poor. Consequently, the
threshold for testing who is poor has become oddly high, but this
method has only created a wrong perception that is detached from
reality, i.e., that government employees and their relatives, as
well as overseas workers and their relatives, are not poor.
Needless to say, many of the government and overseas workers are
themselves poor.
Reflecting on my cousin’s experience leads me to understand that it
is highly destructive when people are made to feel that to suffer
from poverty, hunger and starvation is the person’s own fault.
We should be condemning what causes this suffering, not those who
suffer. To suffer abject poverty is neither a person’s own fault nor
a choice. Rather, it is a failure in the system of social government
structure which takes away equal opportunity.
* Danilo Reyes is the deputy director of the Asian Human Rights
Commission (AHRC), a regional non-governmental organization
monitoring and lobbying human rights issues in Asia. The Hong
Kong-based group was founded in 1984. More information is available
on AHRC’s web site at <
http://www.humanrights.asia >.
This article was first published in the Sunday Examiner in Hong
Kong on Oct.12, 2014.
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